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Perception layer

Depth cameras for robotics

The camera decides what the policy can see. Wrist cameras and scene cameras are different jobs with different specifications — and the difference between them is where most rigs go wrong.

Before you spec anything

Start with the honest version

Most published imitation-learning work does not feed depth to the policy at all. ALOHA runs four plain RGB cameras — two static, two wrist-mounted. LeRobot ships a camera API with no recommended model. The exception is DROID, which uses two ZED 2 scene cameras and a ZED Mini on the wrist.

So depth earns its cost in calibration, grasp proposal and scene reconstruction — not usually as a policy input. Buy it for what it actually does, and be sceptical of anyone selling you depth as a training-data requirement.

Decision framework

Four questions that pick the camera

Q1

Wrist or scene?

A wrist camera has to focus at contact distance. Most depth cameras bottom out between 14 and 30 cm, which is further than the object you are gripping. This single number eliminates most of the market.

Q2

Is the base moving?

Rolling shutter on RGB is tolerable on a fixed rig and a real problem on a moving platform. If the robot drives, insist on global shutter across both sensors.

Q3

USB, PoE or GMSL2?

USB is fine on a bench and fragile on a chassis. PoE and GMSL2 survive cable runs and vibration. Getting this wrong is discovered during integration, not procurement.

Q4

Who is the end customer?

Orbbec is China-origin and offered to commercial and education customers only. If the programme serves defense or government, the shortlist narrows before any spec is compared.

Available now

In the catalog

Prices shown are indicative and exclude tax and freight. Quote-only lines are configured per project.

RealSense D405 depth camera on a white backgroundQuote
RealSense

Intel RealSense D405 Depth Camera

The short-range depth camera used as a wrist camera in robot manipulation. Its 7 cm minimum range...

United StatesDepth Camera
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RealSense D435i depth camera on a white backgroundQuote
RealSense

Intel RealSense D435i Depth Camera

The standard third-person scene camera for tabletop manipulation. Global-shutter depth with an integrated IMU, and an...

United StatesDepth Camera
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RealSense D456 depth camera on a white backgroundQuote
RealSense

Intel RealSense D456 Depth Camera

The ruggedised long-range option for mobile robots. Global shutter on both depth and RGB — the...

United StatesDepth Camera
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Luxonis OAK-D Pro depth camera on a white background
Luxonis

OAK-D Pro — Auto-focus

The Luxonis OAK-D Pro combines active stereo depth, on-camera AI inference, IR illumination and a dot...

United StatesDepth Camera
$ 429.00excl. tax & freight View
Stereolabs ZED X Nano stereo camera on a white backgroundQuote
Stereolabs

Stereolabs ZED X Nano Stereo Camera

The compact GMSL2 stereo camera for Jetson-based robots. GMSL2 is the right interface for a robot...

Depth Camera
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Orbbec Gemini 335 depth camera on a white backgroundQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Gemini 335 Depth Camera

Global-shutter stereo in the same class as a D435, at roughly half the cost, with a...

Commercial use onlyDepth Camera
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Orbbec Gemini 335Lg depth camera on a white backgroundQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Gemini 335Lg Depth Camera

The AMR-ready sibling of the Gemini 335: GMSL2 over FAKRA-Z, IP65, and global shutter on both...

Commercial use onlyDepth Camera
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Orbbec Femto Mega depth cameraQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Femto Mega Depth Camera

A time-of-flight depth camera with onboard Jetson Nano processing and Power-over-Ethernet. PoE plus a hardware trigger...

Commercial use onlyDepth Camera
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OAK 4 D Pro — Auto Focus — official Luxonis image on white
Luxonis

OAK 4 D Pro — Auto Focus

OAK 4 stereo-depth and AI camera with integrated infrared illumination for low-light perception in industrial environments.Technical...

United StatesDepth Camera
$ 1,149.00excl. tax & freight View
OAK 4 D official product image on white
Luxonis

OAK 4 D — Wide

Industrial OAK 4 stereo-depth camera with standalone Luxonis OS and 52 TOPS edge inference for robotics...

United StatesDepth Camera
$ 1,149.00excl. tax & freight View
OAK 4 D official product image on white
Luxonis

OAK 4 D — Auto Focus

Industrial OAK 4 stereo-depth camera with standalone Luxonis OS and 52 TOPS edge inference for robotics...

United StatesDepth Camera
$ 1,049.00excl. tax & freight View
OAK-D S2 — Auto-focus — official Luxonis image on white
Luxonis

OAK-D S2 — Fixed-focus

OAK-D S2 combines stereo depth, a central RGB camera and onboard neural inference in a compact...

United StatesDepth Camera
$ 329.00excl. tax & freight View

Origin

RealSense (Cupertino, California), Luxonis (Colorado) and Stereolabs are non-China vendors. Orbbec operates its Asia headquarters in Shenzhen and is offered to commercial and education customers only.

Note that company headquarters is not the same as country of manufacture. None of these vendors publishes a manufacturing location. For any TAA or Buy American requirement we request a country-of-origin certificate per SKU in writing before quoting.

Compare

CameraOriginJobDepth rangeShutterDepth res / fpsIMUInterfaceGov / defense
RealSense D405United StatesWrist7–50 cm ideal, 7 cm minGlobalup to 1280 × 720not publishedUSB 2 / 3.1Eligible
RealSense D435iUnited StatesScene0.3–3 m ideal, ~28 cm minGlobal depth, rolling RGB1280 × 720 @ 90YesUSB-C 3.1Eligible
RealSense D456United StatesMobile0.6–6 m ideal, ~52 cm minGlobal both1280 × 720 @ 90Bosch BMI085USB-C, IP65Eligible
Luxonis OAK-D ProUnited StatesMobile, on-camera AI~0.8–12 m idealGlobal mono1280 × 800 monoBNO086 9-axisUSB 2 / 3, IP66Eligible
Stereolabs ZED X NanoNot verifiedMobile, JetsonNot publishedNot publishedNot publishednot publishedGMSL2Confirm on request
Orbbec Gemini 335ChinaScene, cost-sensitive0.3–3 m ideal, 0.1 m minGlobal depth, rolling RGB1280 × 800 @ 306-DoFUSB 3.0 Type-C, IP5XCommercial only
Orbbec Gemini 335LgChinaMobile0.25–6 m ideal, 0.17 m minGlobal both1280 × 800 @ 30not publishedGMSL2 / FAKRA-Z, IP65Commercial only

Specifications are as published by each manufacturer. Where a field reads “not published,” the vendor does not state it publicly — we request it in writing for your evaluation rather than estimate. Stock and lead times are confirmed at quote.

Who buys what

Three rigs, three answers

Manipulation rigs

The standard pairing is a D405 on the wrist and a D435i for the scene. Nothing else focuses at 7 cm, so the wrist position has no real substitute. Where budget matters across several stations, the Gemini 335 covers the scene role at roughly half the cost.

Mobile robots and AMRs

Global shutter on both sensors, a robot-grade connector, and an ingress rating. D456 for USB with IP65, Gemini 335Lg for GMSL2, ZED X Nano for Jetson platforms, OAK-D Pro where you want obstacle detection without adding a compute box.

Reproducing published datasets

If the programme extends DROID or fine-tunes on it, matching optics matters for calibration transfer — that means ZED. Ask us; those models are special-order rather than shelf stock.

Two things worth knowing before you commit to a platform

RealSense is now an independent company — RealSense, Inc., selling under licence from Intel. The product line is unchanged and the ROS 2 wrapper is actively maintained, but the flagship D585 Pro is not expected to ship until Q1 2027, so we would not stock a D455-class part deeply against it.

The Orbbec Femto line succeeds the discontinued Azure Kinect. If you are replacing Azure Kinect units we can source them, but we do not recommend building a new programme on iToF at 15 fps for robot control.

Not sure which camera the rig needs?

Tell us the robot, whether the base moves, and where the camera mounts. We will tell you the cheapest camera that does the job — including when the answer is a plain RGB camera you already own.

Rig infrastructure

Sync hubs, adaptors and tactile sensing

A multi-camera rig is only as good as its trigger. Sync hubs, adaptors and cables so every view exposes on the same frame.

NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor Developer KitQuote
NVIDIA

NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor Developer Kit

The flagship on-robot compute for humanoid and multi-arm platforms. 2,070 FP4 TFLOPS and 128 GB of...

United StatesRobotics Compute
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NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer KitQuote
NVIDIA

NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit (64GB)

On-robot compute for a full-size rig. 275 TOPS and 64 GB of LPDDR5 is enough to...

United StatesRobotics Compute
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NVIDIA DGX Spark desktop AI supercomputerQuote
NVIDIA

NVIDIA DGX Spark (Reference Only)

Reference only. Knoxlabs does not sell or ship the NVIDIA DGX Spark. This page is provided...

United StatesRobotics Compute
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NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super Developer KitQuote
NVIDIA

NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super Developer Kit

The entry point into on-robot inference. 67 TOPS in a 100 × 79 mm board at...

United StatesRobotics Compute
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Robotiq FT 300-S six-axis force torque sensorQuote
Robotiq

Robotiq FT 300-S Force Torque Sensor

A six-axis wrist-mounted sensor for force-sensitive assembly, insertion, finishing and contact-data collection. The FT 300-S measures...

CanadaForce & Tactile Sensor
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Orbbec multi-camera Sync Hub ProQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Multi-Camera Sync Hub Pro

The part of a multi-camera rig nobody budgets for and every dataset needs. Without a common...

Commercial use onlyCapture Infrastructure
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Orbbec multi-camera Sync Hub Dev StarQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Multi-Camera Sync Hub Dev — Star

Star-topology trigger hub for a small rig — typically a three or four camera teleoperation cell....

Commercial use onlyCapture Infrastructure
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Orbbec multi-camera Sync Hub Dev Daisy ChainQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Multi-Camera Sync Hub Dev — Daisy Chain

Daisy-chain trigger hub for rigs where cameras run along a rail or frame and star cabling...

Commercial use onlyCapture Infrastructure
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Orbbec 8-pin to RJ45 sync adaptorQuote
Orbbec

Orbbec Sync Adaptor — 8-Pin to RJ45

One adaptor per camera. This is the piece that connects a camera's 8-pin sync port to...

Commercial use onlyCapture Infrastructure
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Luxonis FSYNC Y-adapter for OAK camera synchronisation
Luxonis

FSync Y-adapter

Synchronize compatible Luxonis OAK cameras at the hardware level for cleaner multi-view capture. The FSync Y-adapter...

United StatesCapture Infrastructure
$ 34.00excl. tax & freight View
XJCSENSOR Robot Force Control Solution, 6-axis F/T sensor + compliance software — official XJCSENSOR brochure image on white backgroundQuote
XJCSENSOR

XJCSENSOR Robot Force Control Solution, 6-axis F/T sensor + compliance software

XJCSENSOR Robot Force Control Solution, 6-axis F/T sensor + compliance software.Technical specifications are being confirmed with...

Robotics Software
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uSPa 44 on a white background, from the XELA supplier catalogueQuote
XELA Robotics

XELA Robotics uSkin uSPa 44 Tactile Patch — 500 mm / Corner compensation / Standard calibration

Selected configuration: Cable Length: 500 mm; Magnetic Compensation: Corner; Force Calibration: Standard.Supplier SKU: X0D11000A.XELA Robotics uSPa...

JapanForce & Tactile Sensor
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The robot, the mount position, whether the base moves, and how many stations. We reply with a shortlist and a quote.

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